An underactive thyroid is when your thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormone (thyroxine). This condition is also known as underactive thyroid or hypothyroidism.
Thyroxine is produced in the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland sits at the front of your neck.
In the UK, the prevalence of spontaneous underactive is 2%, and it is ten times more common in women than in men (1-2). The most common age group affected is 40-50 years (1-2).
The symptoms of an underactive thyroid are often vague and usually develop quite slowly such that you may not notice them. When the body doesn’t have enough thyroid hormone many of the body’s functions slow down.
You should think about underactive thyroid with the following symptoms (most common in bold):
If an underactive thyroid isn’t treated it can lead to complications including:
An underactive thyroid can be successfully treated by taking daily hormone tablets to replace the hormones your thyroid gland isn’t making. The tablet is called levothyroxine. You will usually need the treatment for the rest of your life. With adequate treatment, you should lead a normal and healthy life.
You will initially have regular blood tests until the correct dose of levothyroxine is reached. Once you’re taking the correct dose, you’ll usually have a blood test once a year to monitor your hormone levels.
This medication doesn’t usually have any side effects as the tablet is simply replacing the hormone your body is missing.
Side effects usually only occur if you’re taking too much levothyroxine. If this happens symptoms may include sweating, headaches, diarrhoea and vomiting.
There is no way of preventing an underactive thyroid.
Other causes of an underactive thyroid include viral infections and some medications.
This at-home thyroid test helps you to test for underactive thyroid through a simple finger prick collection. If you’re found to have an underactive thyroid a conventional blood test may be required so that you can be started on the correct treatment.
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